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(Database Organization)1 910 1 900 3564 t
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( consists of a)3 555( synset)1 286( Each)1 268(Information in WordNet is organized around logical groupings called synsets.)9 3211 4 1080 3684 t
( collocations \(eg.)2 707(list of synonymous words or)4 1187 2 1080 3804 t
10 S1 f
(")3010 3804 w
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(fountain pen)1 554 1 3051 3804 t
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(")3605 3804 w
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(,)3646 3804 w
10 S1 f
(")3707 3804 w
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(take in)1 303 1 3748 3804 t
10 S1 f
(")4051 3804 w
10 R f
(\), and pointers that describe the)5 1308 1 4092 3804 t
( word or collocation may appear in more than one)9 2173( A)1 149(relations between this synset and other synsets.)6 1998 3 1080 3924 t
( grouped such that they are inter-)6 1367( words in a synset are)5 907( The)1 222(synset, and in more than one part of speech.)8 1824 4 1080 4044 t
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( relations hold between)3 959( Lexical)1 367( are represented by pointers: lexical and semantic.)7 2065(Two kinds of relations)3 929 4 1080 4404 t
( relations)1 402( These)1 329( semantic relations hold between word meanings.)6 2170(semantically related word forms;)3 1419 4 1080 4524 t
( hypernymy/hyponymy \(superordinate/subordinate\), antonymy, entailment,)4 3051(include \(but are not limited to\))5 1269 2 1080 4644 t
(and meronymy/holonymy.)1 1069 1 1080 4764 t
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( is organ-)2 407( cluster)1 305( Each)1 271(Adjectives are arranged in clusters containing head synsets and satellite synsets.)10 3337 4 1080 5364 t
( antonymous pairs \(or tri-)4 1113( The)1 237(ized around antonymous pairs \(and occasionally antonymous triplets\).)7 2970 3 1080 5484 t
( head synsets have one or more satellite syn-)8 1892( Most)1 278( synsets of a cluster.)4 863(plets\) are indicated in the head)5 1287 4 1080 5604 t
( concept that is similar in meaning to the concept represented by the)12 2958(sets, each of which represents a)5 1362 2 1080 5724 t
( of the adjective cluster organization is to visualize a wheel, with a head)13 3028( way to think)3 558( One)1 235(head synset.)1 499 4 1080 5844 t
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(pertaining to)1 517 1 2916 6564 t
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(")3433 6564 w
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( adjectives have lexical pointers to)5 1423(. Participial)1 503 2 3474 6564 t
(the verbs that they are derived from.)6 1497 1 1080 6684 t
( therefore the synset for an)5 1166(Adverbs are often derived from adjectives, and sometimes have antonyms;)9 3154 2 1080 6924 t
(adverb usually contains a lexical pointer to the adjective from which it is derived.)13 3360 1 1080 7044 t
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(wndb)1257 7284 w
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(\(5WN\) for a detailed description of the database \256les and how the data are represented.)14 3588 1 1497 7284 t
( 1)1 1883( change: Jan 2005)3 742( Last)1 1526(WordNet 2.1)1 529 4 720 7764 t
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10 R f
(WordNet)720 480 w
10 S f
(\324)1091 480 w
10 R f
(WNGLOSS \( 7WN \))3 813 1 4587 480 t
9 B f
(GLOSSARY OF TERMS)2 1030 1 720 960 t
10 R f
(Many terms used in the)4 994 1 1080 1080 t
10 I f
(WordNet Reference Manual)2 1148 1 2113 1080 t
10 R f
( general)1 333( Other)1 300(are unique to the WordNet system.)5 1467 3 3300 1080 t
( many of these)3 621( for)1 154( De\256nitions)1 516(terms have speci\256c meanings when used in the WordNet documentation.)9 3029 4 1080 1200 t
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(of the WordNet system.)3 978 1 1080 1440 t
(In following de\256nitions)2 961 1 1080 1680 t
10 B f
(word)2074 1680 w
10 R f
(is used in place of)4 753 1 2329 1680 t
10 B f
(word or collocation)2 843 1 3115 1680 t
10 R f
(.)3958 1680 w
10 B f
(adjective cluster)1 703 1 1080 1848 t
10 R f
( of adjective synsets that are organized around antonymous pairs)9 2725(A group)1 345 2 2330 1848 t
( adjective cluster contains two or more)6 1607( An)1 190(or triplets.)1 421 3 2330 1968 t
10 B f
(head synsets)1 540 1 4582 1968 t
10 R f
(which)5156 1968 w
( head synset has one or more)6 1231( Each)1 270(represent antonymous concepts.)2 1304 3 2330 2088 t
10 B f
(satel-)5173 2088 w
(lite synsets)1 466 1 2330 2208 t
10 R f
(.)2796 2208 w
10 B f
(attribute)1080 2376 w
10 R f
( noun)1 236( The)1 224(A noun for which adjectives express values.)6 1826 3 2330 2376 t
10 B f
(weight)4652 2376 w
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(is an attri-)2 429 1 4971 2376 t
(bute, for which the adjectives)4 1210 1 2330 2496 t
10 B f
(light)3573 2496 w
10 R f
(and)3801 2496 w
10 B f
(heavy)3978 2496 w
10 R f
(express values.)1 612 1 4261 2496 t
10 B f
(base form)1 432 1 1080 2664 t
10 R f
( form to which in\257ections)4 1109(The base form of a word or collocation is the)9 1961 2 2330 2664 t
(are added.)1 417 1 2330 2784 t
10 B f
(basic synset)1 511 1 1080 2952 t
10 R f
(Syntactically, same as)2 931 1 2330 2952 t
10 B f
(synset)3309 2952 w
10 R f
( is used in)3 472(. Term)1 322 2 3570 2952 t
10 B f
(wninput)4413 2952 w
10 R f
(\(5WN\) to help)2 630 1 4770 2952 t
(explain differences in entering synsets in lexicographer \256les.)7 2479 1 2330 3072 t
10 B f
(collocation)1080 3240 w
10 R f
( more words, connected by)4 1126(A collocation in WordNet is a string of two or)9 1944 2 2330 3240 t
( are:)1 236( Examples)1 514(spaces or hyphens.)2 875 3 2330 3360 t
10 B f
(man-eating shark)1 761 1 4042 3360 t
10 R f
(,)4803 3360 w
10 B f
(blue-collar)4914 3360 w
10 R f
(,)5375 3360 w
10 B f
(depend on)1 451 1 2330 3480 t
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(,)2781 3480 w
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(line of products)2 683 1 2843 3480 t
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( are represented)2 656( the database \256les spaces)4 1040(. In)1 178 3 3526 3480 t
(as underscore \()2 619 1 2330 3600 t
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(_)2949 3600 w
10 R f
(\) characters.)1 494 1 2999 3600 t
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(coordinate)1080 3768 w
10 R f
(Coordinate terms are nouns or verbs that have the same)9 2287 1 2330 3768 t
10 B f
(hypernym)4650 3768 w
10 R f
(.)5089 3768 w
10 B f
(cross-cluster pointer)1 881 1 1080 3936 t
10 R f
(A)2330 3936 w
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(semantic pointer)1 721 1 2435 3936 t
10 R f
(from one adjective cluster to another.)5 1531 1 3189 3936 t
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(derivationally related forms)2 1209 1 1080 4104 t
10 R f
( syntactic categories that have the same root form and)9 2310(Terms in different)2 760 2 2330 4104 t
(are semantically related.)2 988 1 2330 4224 t
10 B f
(direct antonyms)1 699 1 1080 4392 t
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( resulting from)2 612(A pair of words between which there is an associative bond)10 2458 2 2330 4392 t
( In)1 188(their frequent co-occurrence.)2 1247 2 2330 4512 t
10 B f
(adjective clusters)1 780 1 3837 4512 t
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(, direct antonyms)2 783 1 4617 4512 t
(appears only in)2 626 1 2330 4632 t
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(head synsets)1 539 1 2989 4632 t
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(.)3528 4632 w
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(domain)1080 4800 w
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( linked with a)3 691(A topical classi\256cation to which a synset has been)8 2379 2 2330 4800 t
(CATEGORY, REGION or USAGE pointer.)4 1802 1 2330 4920 t
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(domain term)1 560 1 1080 5088 t
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( domain term is further identi\256ed)5 1379( A)1 141( belonging to a topical class.)5 1193(A synset)1 357 4 2330 5088 t
(as being a CATEGORY)3 992 1 2330 5208 t
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(_)3322 5208 w
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(TERM, REGION)1 713 1 3372 5208 t
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(_)4085 5208 w
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(TERM or USAGE)2 760 1 4135 5208 t
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(TERM.)4945 5208 w
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(entailment)1080 5376 w
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(A verb)1 282 1 2330 5376 t
10 B f
(X)2645 5376 w
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(entails)2750 5376 w
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(Y)3044 5376 w
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(if)3149 5376 w
10 B f
(X)3243 5376 w
10 R f
(cannot be done unless)3 903 1 3348 5376 t
10 B f
(Y)4284 5376 w
10 R f
(is, or has been, done.)4 872 1 4389 5376 t
10 B f
(exception list)1 566 1 1080 5544 t
10 R f
( for words that are not regular and therefore)8 1816(Morphological transformations)1 1254 2 2330 5544 t
(cannot be processed in an algorithmic manner.)6 1908 1 2330 5664 t
10 B f
(group)1080 5832 w
10 R f
( in meaning and have been manually grouped)7 2026(Verb senses that similar)3 1044 2 2330 5832 t
(together.)2330 5952 w
10 B f
(gloss)1080 6120 w
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(Each synset contains)2 854 1 2330 6120 t
10 B f
(gloss)3220 6120 w
10 R f
(consisting of a de\256nition and optionally exam-)6 1938 1 3462 6120 t
(ple sentences.)1 562 1 2330 6240 t
10 B f
(head synset)1 500 1 1080 6408 t
10 R f
(Synset in an adjective)3 955 1 2330 6408 t
10 B f
(cluster)3337 6408 w
10 R f
( least one word that has a)6 1177(containing at)1 546 2 3677 6408 t
10 B f
(direct antonym)1 660 1 2330 6528 t
10 R f
(.)2990 6528 w
10 B f
(holonym)1080 6696 w
10 R f
(The name of the whole of which the meronym names a part.)11 2505 1 2330 6696 t
10 B f
(Y)4902 6696 w
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(is a holo-)2 392 1 5008 6696 t
(nym of)1 294 1 2330 6816 t
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(X)2657 6816 w
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(if)2762 6816 w
10 B f
(X)2856 6816 w
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(is a part of)3 448 1 2961 6816 t
10 B f
(Y)3442 6816 w
10 R f
(.)3514 6816 w
10 B f
(hypernym)1080 6984 w
10 R f
( speci\256c instances.)2 770(The generic term used to designate a whole class of)9 2158 2 2330 6984 t
10 B f
(Y)5328 6984 w
10 R f
(is a hypernym of)3 698 1 2330 7104 t
10 B f
(X)3061 7104 w
10 R f
(if)3166 7104 w
10 B f
(X)3260 7104 w
10 R f
(is a \(kind of\))3 537 1 3365 7104 t
10 B f
(Y)3935 7104 w
10 R f
(.)4007 7104 w
10 B f
(hyponym)1080 7272 w
10 R f
(The speci\256c term used to designate a member of a class.)10 2338 1 2330 7272 t
10 B f
(X)4735 7272 w
10 R f
(is a hyponym)2 559 1 4841 7272 t
( 2)1 1883( change: Jan 2005)3 742( Last)1 1526(WordNet 2.1)1 529 4 720 7752 t
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10 R f
(WordNet)720 480 w
10 S f
(\324)1091 480 w
10 R f
(WNGLOSS \( 7WN \))3 813 1 4587 480 t
(of)2330 960 w
10 B f
(Y)2446 960 w
10 R f
(if)2551 960 w
10 B f
(X)2645 960 w
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(is a \(kind of\))3 537 1 2750 960 t
10 B f
(Y)3320 960 w
10 R f
(.)3392 960 w
10 B f
(indirect antonym)1 744 1 1080 1128 t
10 R f
(An adjective in a)3 742 1 2330 1128 t
10 B f
(satellite synset)1 634 1 3118 1128 t
10 R f
(that does not have a)4 881 1 3798 1128 t
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(direct antonym)1 674 1 4726 1128 t
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(has an indirect antonyms via the direct antonym of the)9 2244 1 2330 1248 t
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(head synset)1 500 1 4607 1248 t
10 R f
(.)5107 1248 w
10 B f
(instance)1080 1416 w
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( a particular, unique referent \(as distinguished)6 1904(A proper noun that refers to)5 1166 2 2330 1416 t
( is a speci\256c form of hyponym.)6 1294( This)1 244(from nouns that refer to classes\).)5 1348 3 2330 1536 t
10 B f
(lemma)1080 1704 w
10 R f
( word as found in the WordNet database index)8 1985(Lower case ASCII text of)4 1085 2 2330 1704 t
( the)1 155(\256les. Usually)1 569 2 2330 1824 t
10 B f
(base form)1 432 1 3087 1824 t
10 R f
(for a word or collocation.)4 1049 1 3552 1824 t
10 B f
(lexical pointer)1 616 1 1080 1992 t
10 R f
( words in synsets \(word)4 1077(A lexical pointer indicates a relation between)6 1993 2 2330 1992 t
(forms\).)2330 2112 w
10 B f
(lexicographer \256le)1 749 1 1080 2280 t
10 R f
( data for WordNet synsets, edited by lexicogra-)7 2044(Files containing the raw)3 1026 2 2330 2280 t
(phers, that are input to the)5 1148 1 2330 2400 t
10 B f
(grind)3524 2400 w
10 R f
( data-)1 244(program to generate a WordNet)4 1352 2 3804 2400 t
(base.)2330 2520 w
10 B f
(lexicographer id \(lex id\))3 1043 1 1080 2688 t
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(A decimal integer that, when appended onto)6 1844 1 2330 2688 t
10 B f
(lemma)4212 2688 w
10 R f
(, uniquely identi\256es a)3 900 1 4500 2688 t
(sense within a lexicographer \256le.)4 1349 1 2330 2808 t
10 B f
(monosemous)1080 2976 w
10 R f
(Having only one sense in a syntactic category.)7 1908 1 2330 2976 t
10 B f
(meronym)1080 3144 w
10 R f
( of, the substance of, or a member of some-)9 1813(The name of a constituent part)5 1257 2 2330 3144 t
(thing.)2330 3264 w
10 B f
(X)2627 3264 w
10 R f
(is a meronym of)3 676 1 2732 3264 t
10 B f
(Y)3441 3264 w
10 R f
(if)3546 3264 w
10 B f
(X)3640 3264 w
10 R f
(is a part of)3 448 1 3745 3264 t
10 B f
(Y)4226 3264 w
10 R f
(.)4298 3264 w
10 B f
(part of speech)2 615 1 1080 3432 t
10 R f
(WordNet de\256nes)1 716 1 2330 3432 t
10 S1 f
(")3108 3432 w
10 R f
(part of speech)2 633 1 3149 3432 t
10 S1 f
(")3782 3432 w
10 R f
(as either noun, verb, adjective, or)5 1515 1 3885 3432 t
( as)1 116(adverb. Same)1 584 2 2330 3552 t
10 B f
(syntactic category)1 775 1 3063 3552 t
10 R f
(.)3838 3552 w
10 B f
(participial adjective)1 860 1 1080 3720 t
10 R f
(An adjective that is derived from a verb.)7 1669 1 2330 3720 t
10 B f
(pertainym)1080 3888 w
10 R f
( that are pertainyms are usually de\256ned)6 1659( Adjectives)1 499(A relational adjective.)2 912 3 2330 3888 t
(by such phrases as)3 803 1 2330 4008 t
10 S1 f
(")3179 4008 w
10 R f
(of or pertaining to)3 787 1 3220 4008 t
10 S1 f
(")4007 4008 w
10 R f
( A)1 150( have antonyms.)2 692(and do not)2 464 3 4094 4008 t
(pertainym can point to a noun or another pertainym.)8 2147 1 2330 4128 t
10 B f
(polysemous)1080 4296 w
10 R f
(Having more than one sense in a syntactic category.)8 2140 1 2330 4296 t
10 B f
(polysemy count)1 672 1 1080 4464 t
10 R f
(Number of senses of a word in a syntactic category, in WordNet.)11 2679 1 2330 4464 t
10 B f
(postnominal)1080 4632 w
10 R f
( noun that)2 428(A postnominal adjective occurs only immediately following the)7 2642 2 2330 4632 t
(it modi\256es.)1 459 1 2330 4752 t
10 B f
(predicative)1080 4920 w
10 R f
( If)1 135(An adjective that can be used only in predicate positions.)9 2370 2 2330 4920 t
10 B f
(X)4871 4920 w
10 R f
(is a predi-)2 421 1 4979 4920 t
( in such phrases as)4 799(cate adjective, it can only be used)6 1434 2 2330 5040 t
10 S1 f
(")4602 5040 w
10 R f
(it is)1 162 1 4643 5040 t
10 B f
(X)4844 5040 w
10 S1 f
(")4916 5040 w
10 R f
(and never)1 404 1 4996 5040 t
(prenominally.)2330 5160 w
10 B f
(prenominal)1080 5328 w
10 R f
( that can occur only before the noun that it modi\256es: it can-)12 2549(An adjective)1 521 2 2330 5328 t
(not be used predicatively.)3 1050 1 2330 5448 t
10 B f
(satellite synset)1 621 1 1080 5616 t
10 R f
(Synset in an adjective)3 952 1 2330 5616 t
10 B f
(cluster)3333 5616 w
10 R f
( similar in)2 460(representing a concept that is)4 1268 2 3672 5616 t
(meaning to the concept represented by its)6 1706 1 2330 5736 t
10 B f
(head synset)1 500 1 4069 5736 t
10 R f
(.)4569 5736 w
10 B f
(semantic concordance)1 948 1 1080 5904 t
10 R f
( Corpus\) and a lexicon \(e.g. WordNet\) so)7 1719(A textual corpus \(e.g. the Brown)5 1351 2 2330 5904 t
( is linked to its appropri-)5 1041(combined that every substantive word in the text)7 2029 2 2330 6024 t
(ate sense in the lexicon via a)6 1190 1 2330 6144 t
10 B f
(semantic tag)1 543 1 3553 6144 t
10 R f
(.)4096 6144 w
10 B f
(semantic tag)1 543 1 1080 6312 t
10 R f
( in a text \256le to a speci\256c sense of that word in the)13 2136(A pointer from a word)4 934 2 2330 6312 t
( semantic tag in a semantic concordance is)7 2070( A)1 183(WordNet database.)1 817 3 2330 6432 t
(represented by a)2 669 1 2330 6552 t
10 B f
(sense key)1 405 1 3032 6552 t
10 R f
(.)3437 6552 w
10 B f
(semantic pointer)1 721 1 1080 6720 t
10 R f
(A semantic pointer indicates a relation between synsets \(concepts\).)8 2739 1 2330 6720 t
10 B f
(sense)1080 6888 w
10 R f
( sense of a word is in a different)8 1368( Each)1 268( in WordNet.)2 546(A meaning of a word)4 888 4 2330 6888 t
10 B f
(synset)2330 7008 w
10 R f
(.)2591 7008 w
10 B f
(sense key)1 405 1 1080 7176 t
10 R f
( sense)1 258( A)1 146(Information necessary to \256nd a sense in the WordNet database.)9 2666 3 2330 7176 t
(key combines a)2 649 1 2330 7296 t
10 B f
(lemma)3018 7296 w
10 R f
(\256eld and codes for the synset type, lexicographer)7 2055 1 3345 7296 t
( 3)1 1883( change: Jan 2005)3 742( Last)1 1526(WordNet 2.1)1 529 4 720 7776 t
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10 R f
(WordNet)720 480 w
10 S f
(\324)1091 480 w
10 R f
(WNGLOSS \( 7WN \))3 813 1 4587 480 t
( about a satellite's)3 814(id, lexicographer \256le number, and information)5 1995 2 2330 960 t
10 B f
(head)5194 960 w
(synset)2330 1080 w
10 R f
( See)1 213(, if required.)2 515 2 2591 1080 t
10 B f
(senseidx)3355 1080 w
10 R f
( the format of)3 576(\(5WN\) for a description of)4 1113 2 3711 1080 t
(a sense key.)2 495 1 2330 1200 t
10 B f
(subordinate)1080 1368 w
10 R f
(Same as)1 338 1 2330 1368 t
10 B f
(hyponym)2701 1368 w
10 R f
(.)3102 1368 w
10 B f
(superordinate)1080 1536 w
10 R f
(Same as)1 338 1 2330 1536 t
10 B f
(hypernym)2701 1536 w
10 R f
(.)3140 1536 w
10 B f
(synset)1080 1704 w
10 R f
( set of words that are interchangeable in some context)9 2319(A synonym set; a)3 751 2 2330 1704 t
( in which they are)4 831(without changing the truth value of the preposition)7 2239 2 2330 1824 t
(embedded.)2330 1944 w
10 B f
(troponym)1080 2112 w
10 R f
( another verb.)2 585(A verb expressing a speci\256c manner elaboration of)7 2143 2 2330 2112 t
10 B f
(X)5133 2112 w
10 R f
(is a)1 153 1 5247 2112 t
(troponym of)1 505 1 2330 2232 t
10 B f
(Y)2868 2232 w
10 R f
(if)2973 2232 w
10 B f
(to X)1 188 1 3067 2232 t
10 R f
(is)3288 2232 w
10 B f
(to Y)1 188 1 3388 2232 t
10 R f
(in some manner.)2 679 1 3609 2232 t
10 B f
(unique beginner)1 707 1 1080 2400 t
10 R f
(A noun synset with no)4 932 1 2330 2400 t
10 B f
(superordinate)3295 2400 w
10 R f
(.)3895 2400 w
( 4)1 1883( change: Jan 2005)3 742( Last)1 1526(WordNet 2.1)1 529 4 720 7680 t
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